What health issues were present in their time?
Disease.
Disease played a big part in the fall of the Aztecs. After Cortes (the Spanish explorer, mainly famous for the conquering of the Aztec empire) had arrived in Mexico. From Cuba came another Spanish army, to make sure that Cortes followed his orders. Cortes didn’t want any of that and went to fight them. At this time, an African, who had small pox (a very contagious disease), was being held slave. The disease was passed on to one of Cortes’ men.
Disease played a big part in the fall of the Aztecs. After Cortes (the Spanish explorer, mainly famous for the conquering of the Aztec empire) had arrived in Mexico. From Cuba came another Spanish army, to make sure that Cortes followed his orders. Cortes didn’t want any of that and went to fight them. At this time, an African, who had small pox (a very contagious disease), was being held slave. The disease was passed on to one of Cortes’ men.
Image from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/timeline/184.html?tribe=Maya
Once they had returned the Aztec army quickly overtook the Spanish killing most and forcing the rest into retreat. The African was killed and it’s highly likely that when the body was looted an Aztec caught the disease. Small pox spread over the population very quickly. They had no idea what to do and how to treat it, in many cases a whole household would have died. With no time to bury all the bodies, houses were usually demolished over the dead bodies. It is said that 25% of the population died from the smallpox alone.
Image from: http://mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/health/